{"id":7457,"date":"2026-02-18T11:31:47","date_gmt":"2026-02-18T10:31:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hermix.com\/?p=7457"},"modified":"2026-02-18T11:31:47","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T10:31:47","slug":"quand-les-marques-et-technologies-specifiques-peuvent-elles-etre-mentionnees-dans-les-cahiers-des-charges-des-marches-publics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hermix.com\/fr\/when-can-specific-brands-and-technologies-be-mentioned-in-public-tender-specifications\/","title":{"rendered":"Quand les marques et technologies sp\u00e9cifiques peuvent-elles \u00eatre mentionn\u00e9es dans les cahiers des charges des march\u00e9s publics"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les march\u00e9s publics ressemblent souvent \u00e0 un labyrinthe de r\u00e8gles, de sp\u00e9cifications et de formalit\u00e9s. Une question fr\u00e9quente qui se pose est de savoir si les pouvoirs adjudicateurs peuvent mentionner des marques sp\u00e9cifiques dans leurs appels d'offres. La r\u00e9ponse courte : presque jamais. La r\u00e9ponse longue, cependant, est nuanc\u00e9e. Il existe au moins trois niveaux d'exceptions qui d\u00e9terminent comment et quand les marques apparaissent dans les documents d'appel d'offres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Verrouillage fort<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans certains cas, les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences \u00e0 des marques sont in\u00e9vitables en raison de r\u00e9alit\u00e9s structurelles. Une autorit\u00e9 peut avoir des d\u00e9cisions formelles et justifi\u00e9es d'utiliser ou de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rer une technologie ou un produit sp\u00e9cifique, dans tous ses projets ou pour des projets sp\u00e9cifiques. Par exemple, si une autorit\u00e9 g\u00e8re 400 sites web sous Drupal depuis une d\u00e9cennie, comme la Commission europ\u00e9enne, elle exigera tr\u00e8s probablement le m\u00eame syst\u00e8me de gestion de contenu pour un nouveau site web. De m\u00eame, si la DG Budget g\u00e8re son PGI (ERP) sur SAP, tout appel d'offres de maintenance sp\u00e9cifiera naturellement SAP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce n'est pas du favoritisme. C'est une question de continuit\u00e9, de compatibilit\u00e9 et de n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 pratique. Les syst\u00e8mes en place depuis des ann\u00e9es ne peuvent pas \u00eatre facilement remplac\u00e9s sans cr\u00e9er de risques et de co\u00fbts importants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Verrouillage l\u00e9ger<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Parfois, le cahier des charges mentionne la pile technologique actuelle, par exemple : \u201c Pile technologique actuelle : Drupal \u201d. Dans ces cas, les propositions de solutions alternatives sont formellement autoris\u00e9es. Cependant, les comit\u00e9s d'\u00e9valuation peuvent avoir une (forte) pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour les technologies actuelles et famili\u00e8res. La perception humaine du risque joue un r\u00f4le : les comit\u00e9s se sentent plus confiants en approuvant des solutions qu'ils connaissent d\u00e9j\u00e0. De plus, l'ajout d'une nouvelle technologie ou d'un nouveau produit \u00e0 la pile existante augmente la complexit\u00e9, les d\u00e9pendances, les besoins en formation et le risque global. Ce verrouillage implicite refl\u00e8te une pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence, et non une exigence obligatoire \u2014 il influence n\u00e9anmoins les r\u00e9sultats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence cach\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00eame lorsqu'aucune technologie n'est explicitement mentionn\u00e9e, les d\u00e9cisions d'achat peuvent refl\u00e9ter des pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences invisibles. Avant de r\u00e9diger l'appel d'offres, les soumissionnaires potentiels devraient enqu\u00eater sur :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les syst\u00e8mes clients existants, leur technologie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Projets ant\u00e9rieurs et leurs exigences techniques (si un projet ant\u00e9rieur pertinent mentionnait des technologies sp\u00e9cifiques, cela peut indiquer une pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00e9thodologies utilis\u00e9es par le client, demand\u00e9es et\/ou recommand\u00e9es dans les projets actuels et pass\u00e9s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gagnants de contrats pass\u00e9s \u2013 cela en dit souvent long sur les technologies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Partenariats dans les contrats pass\u00e9s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mod\u00e8les d'approvisionnement et de passation des march\u00e9s.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comprendre le contexte derri\u00e8re un appel d'offres est aussi important que de lire les sp\u00e9cifications \u00e9crites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les achats reposent en grande partie sur des \u00e9l\u00e9ments non \u00e9crits. Les soumissionnaires retenus reconnaissent ces signaux subtils et adaptent leurs propositions en cons\u00e9quence, en choisissant la meilleure technologie, les meilleures solutions et les meilleurs produits pour chaque appel d'offres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choix de marques guid\u00e9s par les principes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les objectifs politiques peuvent \u00e9galement justifier des mentions de marques dans les appels d'offres. Les march\u00e9s publics peuvent inclure, et comportent souvent, des exigences politiques qui ne sont pas seulement financi\u00e8res et techniques \u2014 telles que le d\u00e9veloppement d'industries sp\u00e9cifiques, le soutien aux entreprises locales, la cr\u00e9ation d'emplois, le soutien aux communaut\u00e9s d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es, etc. Les projets soumis \u00e0 des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9es peuvent exclure des pays ou des technologies sp\u00e9cifiques. R\u00e9cemment, la Banque centrale europ\u00e9enne a exig\u00e9 que tous les fournisseurs du projet d'euro num\u00e9rique soient des entreprises europ\u00e9ennes, et qu'ils soient \u00e9galement contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par des entreprises europ\u00e9ennes \u2014 et ce, avant m\u00eame que le concept de \u201c souverainet\u00e9 num\u00e9rique \u201d ne gagne en popularit\u00e9. Dans de tels cas, les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences \u00e0 des marques ou \u00e0 des origines sont li\u00e9es \u00e0 des objectifs strat\u00e9giques globaux, et non \u00e0 du favoritisme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alors, les marques peuvent-elles \u00eatre mentionn\u00e9es dans les march\u00e9s publics ? Uniquement sous des conditions sp\u00e9cifiques : verrouillage technique formel, interop\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 ou objectifs politiques. Sinon, les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences explicites \u00e0 des marques ne sont pas autoris\u00e9es. Soumissionner sur la seule base de cahiers des charges \u00e9crits offre une vision incompl\u00e8te ; comprendre le contexte historique, les syst\u00e8mes existants et les pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences subtiles compl\u00e8te le puzzle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette analyse repose sur les discussions de <strong>Drupal et l'open source : Lib\u00e9rer les opportunit\u00e9s du secteur public de l'UE<\/strong> webinaire, avec Sachiko Muto \u2013 la Drupal Association, Ales Kohek \u2013 Agiledrop, et Stefan Morcov \u2013 Hermix. <a href=\"https:\/\/hermix.com\/fr\/drupal-et-lopen-source-ouvrent-des-opportunites-dans-le-secteur-public-europeen\/\">Voir l'enregistrement vid\u00e9o ici<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"628\" src=\"https:\/\/hermix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Drupal-and-open-source-Unlocking-EU-public-sector-opportunities-with-Sachiko-Muto-Board-Member-at-Drupal-Association-Ales-Kohek-Head-of-client-services-at-Agiledrop.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Drupal et l&#039;open source : Saisir les opportunit\u00e9s du secteur public europ\u00e9en avec Sachiko Muto, membre du conseil d&#039;administration de la Drupal Association, et Ales Kohek, responsable des services clients chez Agiledrop\" style=\"object-fit:cover;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hermix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Drupal-and-open-source-Unlocking-EU-public-sector-opportunities-with-Sachiko-Muto-Board-Member-at-Drupal-Association-Ales-Kohek-Head-of-client-services-at-Agiledrop.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/hermix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Drupal-and-open-source-Unlocking-EU-public-sector-opportunities-with-Sachiko-Muto-Board-Member-at-Drupal-Association-Ales-Kohek-Head-of-client-services-at-Agiledrop-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hermix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Drupal-and-open-source-Unlocking-EU-public-sector-opportunities-with-Sachiko-Muto-Board-Member-at-Drupal-Association-Ales-Kohek-Head-of-client-services-at-Agiledrop-1024x536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/hermix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Drupal-and-open-source-Unlocking-EU-public-sector-opportunities-with-Sachiko-Muto-Board-Member-at-Drupal-Association-Ales-Kohek-Head-of-client-services-at-Agiledrop-768x402.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Public procurement often feels like a maze of rules, specifications, and formalities. One common question that arises is whether authorities can mention specific brands in their tenders. The short answer: almost never. The long answer, however, is nuanced. There are at least three levels of exception that shape how and when brands appear in tender [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7458,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_angie_page":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"page_builder":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[16],"class_list":["post-7457","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-insights"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Public procurement often feels like a maze of rules, specifications, and formalities. 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Une question fr\u00e9quente qui se pose est de savoir si les pouvoirs adjudicateurs peuvent mentionner des marques sp\u00e9cifiques dans leurs appels d'offres. La r\u00e9ponse courte : presque jamais. La r\u00e9ponse longue, cependant, est nuanc\u00e9e. 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